44th Edition of Best Paper Awards 28- 29th June 2026 | Thailand


 

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Root

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Plant roots come in various structures adapted to different environments. The primary types include: Taproot System : Characterized by a single, thick main root (the taproot) that grows downward, with smaller lateral roots branching off. This system is common in dicots like carrots and dandelions and allows the plant to access deeper water sources. Fibrous Root System : Consists of a network of thin, branching roots that spread out from the base of the stem. This system is typical in monocots like grasses and helps in preventing soil erosion and accessing nutrients from the upper soil layers. Adventitious Roots : These roots arise from parts of the plant other than the root, such as stems or leaves. They are common in plants like corn and ivy and help in stabilizing the plant and aiding in vegetative reproduction. Functions Beyond Basic Roles : Soil Erosion Prevention : By binding the soil together, roots help prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Plants with extensive root systems...
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Girls, Education and Climate Crisis in Pakistan: From ‘What-Connects’ to a Sense of ‘Self’ and Education after the 2022 Floods

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  Topic: Girls, Education and Climate Crisis in Pakistan: From ‘What-Connects’ to a Sense of ‘Self’ and Education after the 2022 Floods 🔹 Meaning & Introduction: This topic explores the deep connection between girls’ education and the climate crisis in Pakistan, especially after the devastating 2022 floods . It moves from understanding “what connects” climate and education, to how young girls develop a sense of ‘self’ and resilience through education in times of ecological trauma. The 2022 floods submerged one-third of Pakistan, displacing millions and destroying over 26,000 schools. Girls, already marginalized in education, faced heightened risks — early marriage, domestic burden, and dropout from school — as infrastructure and livelihoods collapsed. This research frames these crises not just as connected events, but as intertwined systems that shape identity, agency, and access to learning. 1. Introduction and Core Idea The relationship between climate change, educat...
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Extracellular vesicles in the biology of brain tumour stem cells – Implications for inter-cellular communication, therapy and biomarker development

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  Extracellular vesicles (EVs ) play a vital role in brain tumour stem cell (BTSC) biology by mediating inter-cellular communication within the tumour microenvironment. They transfer oncogenic proteins, RNAs, and signaling molecules, influencing tumour growth, therapy resistance, and metastasis. Understanding EVs offers new opportunities for developing targeted therapies and reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of brain tumours. Introduction: Brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs) are a subpopulation within brain tumours, such as glioblastoma, that drive tumour initiation, progression, recurrence, and therapy resistance. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain BTSCs is crucial for developing more effective treatments. Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): Extracellular vesicles — including exosomes and microvesicles — are nano-sized, membrane-bound particles secreted by cells to transport bioactive molecules like proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs. In brain tum...
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