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Speech Generation for Indigenous Language Education.

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  Speech Generation for Indigenous Language Education 1. Meaning Speech generation for indigenous language education refers to the use of advanced technologies—especially artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP)—to automatically produce spoken content in indigenous or minority languages. These systems convert written text into natural-sounding speech, enabling learners to hear accurate pronunciation, intonation, and conversational patterns in languages that may have limited educational resources. 2. Introduction Indigenous languages represent cultural identity, history, and traditional knowledge. However, many of these languages are endangered due to globalization, urbanization, and dominance of major languages. Speech generation technologies offer a transformative solution by revitalizing these languages through accessible, scalable, and interactive learning tools. With the advancement of AI-driven Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems, it is now possible to ...
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Age matters: Analyzing age-related discussions in app reviews

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  1. Meaning of Age-Related Discussions in App Reviews Age-related discussions in app reviews refer to comments made by users that reflect how different age groups (young users, adults, and elderly users) perceive, use, and evaluate mobile applications. These discussions may include feedback about usability, accessibility, design complexity, readability, privacy concerns, content appropriateness, and technological familiarity. In many cases, younger users may comment about features, speed, gaming elements, and social integration, whereas older users often discuss ease of navigation, font size, clarity of instructions, and reliability. Therefore, analyzing age-related discussions helps researchers and developers understand how age influences user experience, satisfaction, and adoption of mobile applications . Age is a crucial demographic factor in technology acceptance studies. It shapes cognitive abilities, digital literacy levels, preferences, and expectations. By studying ag...
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CSLLM: Code-Specific Large Language Models — A Survey

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  1. Meaning of Code-Specific Large Language Models (CSLLMs) Code-Specific Large Language Models (CSLLMs) are specialized artificial intelligence models designed to understand, generate, analyze, and optimize computer programming code . Unlike general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) that process natural language, CSLLMs are trained extensively on source code datasets , programming documentation, repositories, and developer discussions. These models learn patterns, syntax rules, and programming logic from millions of lines of code across multiple programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, and others . CSLLMs are capable of performing tasks such as: Automatic code generation Code completion Bug detection Code translation between programming languages Documentation generation Code optimization Software testing assistance Modern software development increasingly integrates CSLLMs into development environments to improve developer prod...
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Global Airline Productivity Analysis for the Year 2022

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  1. Meaning of Global Airline Productivity Global airline productivity refers to the efficiency with which airlines use their resources—such as aircraft, fuel, labor, and capital—to produce transportation services like passenger and cargo flights . Productivity analysis evaluates how effectively airlines convert inputs into outputs, often measured using indicators like labor productivity, fuel productivity, revenue per available seat kilometer (RASK), and total factor productivity (TFP) . In 2022, airline productivity analysis became particularly important because the aviation industry was recovering from the severe disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . Airlines had to adjust operations, manage fluctuating demand, and improve efficiency to remain financially viable. Researchers conducted global benchmarking by collecting operational and financial data from 76 of the world’s largest airlines , including both full-service carriers (FSCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) , in...
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“Working the government” Poverty alleviation resettlement in two Yi villages, Sichuan, China

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  Working the Government: Poverty Alleviation Resettlement in Two Yi Villages, Sichuan, China 1. Meaning of the Study “Working the Government” refers to the strategies used by local communities to adapt to, manipulate, or creatively use government policies for their own benefit . In this context, it examines how villagers in two Yi ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province responded to China’s Poverty Alleviation Resettlement (PAR) program . China introduced PAR as part of a national campaign to eliminate extreme poverty by relocating people living in remote or environmentally fragile areas to new settlements with better infrastructure and economic opportunities. These programs reorganize villagers’ lives, housing patterns, and economic activities under government planning. The concept of “working the government” highlights that villagers were not passive recipients of policy. Instead, they actively negotiated, resisted, or creatively used resettlement policies to achieve th...
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