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  Meaning Consumer ethnocentrism refers to the belief that purchasing domestic products is morally and economically preferable to buying foreign ones. This mindset is driven by loyalty to one’s nation, cultural identity, and the desire to support local businesses and the national economy. In this context, homegrown brands benefit from emotional and patriotic consumer preferences, which can strongly influence satisfaction levels—even when foreign brands may offer competitive quality or features. Introduction In an increasingly globalized world, consumers are presented with a wide array of domestic and international products. While global brands often dominate markets due to strong brand equity, perceived reliability, and innovative reputation, many consumers still favor homegrown brands. This preference stems from ethnocentric beliefs, where consumers view domestic purchase behavior as a civic responsibility and a contribution to national pride. Consumer ethnocentrism has become...

  Meaning Dynamic regulation of cell death signaling refers to the controlled and adaptable mechanisms by which cells decide whether to live or die in response to internal cues (like DNA damage) or external signals (like immune signals, toxins, or growth factors). This ensures tissue health, immune defense, and organismal homeostasis. Introduction Cell death is not merely a biological endpoint but a highly coordinated process essential for development, tissue turnover, and defense against disease. Multiple cell death pathways—apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis , ferroptosis, and autophagy-related death—are tightly regulated, allowing cells to respond to environmental stress, infection, and damage. Dynamic regulation ensures balance: insufficient cell death leads to cancer and autoimmune diseases; excessive death contributes to neurodegeneration, ischemia, and inflammatory disorders. Advantages Maintains tissue homeostasis by removing damaged, old, or excess cells Prevent...

  Meaning Shopping mall detachment refers to the growing trend of consumers consciously avoiding shopping malls as their preferred retail destinations. Instead of spending time in traditional malls, many consumers now turn to online platforms, smaller local stores, or experiential alternatives. This detachment reflects changing social, psychological, and economic dynamics influencing modern shopping behavior. Introduction Shopping malls were once symbols of convenience, entertainment, and social interaction. They represented urban development, modern lifestyles, and consumer culture. However, over the past decade, malls have witnessed declining foot traffic and sales. With the rise of e-commerce, shifting consumer values, and lifestyle changes post-pandemic, many shoppers have detached themselves from malls. Understanding why this detachment occurs provides insight into evolving consumer psychology and retail trends. Advantages (of avoiding malls) Convenience of Online Shop...

  Meaning Overdose-related cardiac arrest refers to the sudden cessation of heart function that occurs when an individual consumes a toxic amount of a substance—most commonly opioids—resulting in respiratory failure and hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone depress the brain’s respiratory centers, slowing or stopping breathing. As oxygen levels in the blood fall, the heart muscle becomes starved of oxygen, leading to arrhythmias, bradycardia, and eventually cardiac arrest. Unlike typical cardiac arrests caused by coronary artery disease, overdose-related cardiac arrests are primarily the result of respiratory compromise leading to secondary cardiac failure. Introduction The opioid epidemic has emerged as one of the most significant global public health crises of the 21st century. What began as widespread prescription opioid use for pain management has evolved into a devastating wave of addiction, overdose, and death. Opioids —both pr...

  Meaning “Women’s cardiovascular risk before and after menopause” refers to the changing likelihood of heart and blood vessel diseases (such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, and stroke) as women transition through menopause . Before menopause, women typically have lower cardiovascular risk compared to men due to the protective effects of estrogen. However, after menopause, this protection diminishes, and their risk of developing heart diseases increases sharply . The phrase “ A Red Alert for Heart Attack! ” signals the urgent need for awareness, prevention, and early intervention, as menopause represents a critical turning point for women’s heart health. Introduction Heart disease has long been perceived as a man’s problem, yet it remains the leading cause of death among women worldwide . For years, women were underrepresented in cardiovascular research, leaving a gap in understanding gender-specific risk patterns. Menopause — the permanent cessation of menstruati...

  Meaning This topic examines how ordinary French citizens, who do not have medical training, interpret various physical symptoms and decide whether these symptoms could indicate a heart attack. It focuses on public perception, awareness, and judgment rather than medical diagnosis. The study helps identify how people evaluate symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, or pain in the arm and whether they correctly associate these with the possibility of myocardial infarction (heart attack) The goal is to understand the level of public awareness and how accurately laypersons recognize the early signs of a heart attack, which directly affects how quickly they seek medical assistance. Introduction Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide, and France is no exception. The outcome of a heart attack depends heavily on the speed of medical intervention. Unfortunately, delayed hospital arrival is often caused by poor symptom recognition ...

  Meaning Agricultural Intelligence refers to the use of advanced computational technologies — including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), data analytics, and automation — to improve decision-making, efficiency, and sustainability in agriculture . It involves analyzing complex datasets such as weather conditions, soil health, pest patterns, and crop yields to make informed farming decisions. Large Language Models (LLMs) are a branch of AI trained on vast amounts of textual data to understand and generate human-like language. Examples include GPT, Claude, Gemini, and LLaMA. When integrated with agricultural systems, these models can interpret agricultural queries, provide intelligent recommendations, analyze research data, translate technical information into local languages, and even support policymaking. Thus, enhancing agricultural intelligence with LLMs means leveraging the linguistic, analytical, and reasoning capabilities of large language models to st...

  Meaning A thermodynamic and physicochemical framework for lunar ice mining by induced sublimation refers to a scientific model that explains how heat energy can be applied to lunar subsurface ice deposits to convert solid ice directly into vapor, which can then be captured and condensed into usable water. It integrates thermodynamics (energy transfer and heat balance) with physicochemical principles (phase change, material behavior, and chemical composition) to optimize water extraction in the Moon’s harsh environment. Introduction Water ice found in permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the Moon is crucial for future lunar habitation and resource utilization. Extracting this ice through induced sublimation—using controlled heat sources such as microwaves, lasers, or focused solar energy—presents a promising in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) strategy. Developing a thermodynamic and physicochemical framework allows scientists and engineers to predict ice behavior under vacuu...