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Introduction Obesity and its related metabolic disorders are global health concerns, largely linked to diet and gut microbial imbalance. Functional food ingredients such as resistant starches (RS) are being explored as potential nutritional interventions. Angelica dahurica , a traditional medicinal plant, is a promising source of starch that can be processed into type 3 resistant starch (RS3). RS3 is formed through retrogradation of gelatinized starch and has shown significant health-promoting effects, especially in gut health regulation and obesity management. Meaning of RS3 Type 3 resistant starch (RS3) refers to retrograded starch molecules that resist digestion in the small intestine. Instead of being broken down into glucose, RS3 passes to the large intestine where it undergoes microbial fermentation, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These metabolites improve gut health , regulate immunity, and support metabolic balance. Adva...

  Intelligent Treatment System Based on Bioinformatics and Neuro-Immune–Digestive Tract Diseases Meaning An intelligent treatment system is a smart healthcare model that applies bioinformatics, artificial intelligence (AI), and systems biology to create personalized treatment strategies . Unlike conventional medicine that follows a “one-size-fits-all” approach, this system interprets multi-dimensional patient data (genomics, microbiome, immune responses, neurological activity, diet, lifestyle, and clinical records) to design tailored interventions . In the context of neuro-immune–digestive tract diseases , it integrates three critical systems: The digestive tract , which interacts with food, microbes, and metabolites. The immune system , which regulates inflammation and tolerance. The nervous system , particularly the gut–brain axis, which affects mood, cognition, and gut function. Introduction The gut is increasingly seen as the “second brain” due to its strong ...

  Meaning and Introduction Dietary fiber, polyphenols, and digestive enzymes are three critical components that interact within the human digestive system. Dietary fiber is the indigestible part of plant foods, polyphenols are plant-derived bioactive compounds, and digestive enzymes are proteins that help break down food into absorbable nutrients. Their interplay shapes not only digestion but also gut health, metabolism, and overall well-being. Details about the Topic Dietary Fiber : Found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. It can be soluble (forms gel-like substances, slows digestion ) or insoluble (adds bulk and aids bowel movement). Fermentable fibers also fuel beneficial gut bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Polyphenols : A diverse group of plant chemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids. They act as antioxidants, regulate gut microbiota, and influence enzyme activity. Digestive Enzymes : Biological catalysts like am...

  Meaning and Introduction Genetically Modified (GM) crops are plants whose genetic material has been scientifically altered to introduce desirable traits such as resistance to pests, tolerance to herbicides, improved shelf life, and enhanced nutritional value. These modifications are achieved through biotechnology rather than conventional breeding. With the growing global reliance on GM crops , many food products entering international markets contain GM ingredients, making monitoring essential for consumer safety and regulatory compliance. In Singapore, where over 90% of food is imported , the risk of GM products entering the food chain is high. Monitoring therefore ensures that all GM foods available to consumers have been thoroughly evaluated for safety , preventing health risks and ensuring transparency in the food system. Importance of Monitoring GM Foods in Singapore Food Safety – Ensures GM foods are safe for consumption and free from unintended toxic effects. Con...

  Introduction Innovation is widely recognized as the cornerstone of progress in science, technology, business, and art. At its core, innovation relies on human cognition—the ways people perceive, process, and interpret information. Recent research in environmental psychology suggests that connectedness with nature —the sense of feeling emotionally, cognitively, and spiritually attached to the natural environment—may significantly influence cognitive styles that underlie innovative thinking. This raises a thought-provoking question: Are nature lovers inherently more innovative because their minds work differently? Understanding Connectedness with Nature Connectedness with nature is not just about enjoying outdoor activities. It refers to a psychological and emotional bond with the natural world , encompassing feelings of belonging to a larger ecological system. Dimensions of connectedness: Affective : feelings of awe, peace, and admiration toward nature. Cognitive : awa...