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Meaning Bank levies are mandatory charges imposed by governments or regulatory authorities on banks and financial institutions to ensure financial stability, recover bailout costs, or fund resolution mechanisms during banking crises. The money market is a segment of the financial market where short-term funds (with maturities of up to one year) are borrowed and lent, mainly to manage liquidity. Monetary policy operations refer to the actions undertaken by a central bank to regulate money supply and credit conditions in the economy to achieve macroeconomic goals such as price stability, economic growth, and employment. Introduction Modern financial systems rely heavily on well-regulated banking institutions, efficient money markets, and effective monetary policy operations. Bank levies act as a regulatory and fiscal tool to discourage excessive risk-taking by banks. The money market ensures smooth short-term liquidity flow among financial institutions. Monetary policy operations,...

  Meaning A Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) is a miniaturized device that integrates one or several laboratory functions—such as sample preparation, chemical reactions, separation, and detection—onto a single microchip. These systems use microfluidics to manipulate extremely small volumes of fluids (typically nanoliters to microliters), enabling rapid, precise, and automated analysis. In medical and clinical settings, LoC technology allows complex diagnostic and analytical procedures to be performed at the point of care rather than in centralized laboratories . Introduction Advancements in biomedical engineering and microfabrication have transformed traditional diagnostic methods, leading to the development of Lab-on-a-Chip technologies. Conventional laboratory diagnostics often require bulky equipment, trained personnel, long processing times, and large sample volumes. LoC devices address these limitations by offering compact, portable, and efficient diagnostic platforms. Their ability to...

  Congratulations on winning the Best Researcher Award Congratulations to Dr. Naser Ahmadi on winning the Best Researcher Award. This honor recognizes his impactful contributions to psychiatry and interdisciplinary research, and his continued dedication to advancing science and patient care. Dr. Naser Ahmadi is a board-certified Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist and an accomplished physician-scientist with advanced training in psychiatry, epidemiology, biostatistics, and cardiovascular imaging. He earned his M.D. and Ph.D. from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and completed multiple fellowships and residencies at UCLA, Chicago Medical School, and Harbor-UCLA. He currently serves as a Health Sciences Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Kern Medical, while also practicing as a child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist in California. Dr. Ahmadi’s work bridges psychiatry, trauma research, and cardiovascu...

  Meaning A food poisoning outbreak in a military establishment refers to the occurrence of illness among soldiers or personnel after consuming contaminated food or water within a military base, camp, or operational area. Such outbreaks are usually caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, or chemical contaminants and can spread rapidly due to centralized cooking and mass food distribution systems. Introduction Food safety is a critical component of health management in military establishments, where personnel depend on common kitchens, mess halls, and supply chains. A food poisoning outbreak in such a setting is not just a medical issue but also a matter of operational readiness and national security. Due to close living conditions, shared meals, and demanding physical activity, even a small lapse in hygiene or food handling can result in widespread illness, affecting morale, efficiency, and mission outcomes. Advantages (Indirect / Learning Outcomes) Although food poiso...

  Congratulations to Ms. Yuhe Cheng on this well-deserved recognition. Her outstanding contributions to advanced CT imaging, radiation dose optimization, and impactful research reflect her dedication to excellence in radiological science and patient-centered innovation. Ms. Yuhe Cheng is a Radiologic Technologist at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, with a strong academic background in radiologic technology and extensive clinical experience in advanced CT imaging. His professional work focuses on CT scan techniques, radiation dose optimization, and the application of ultra-high-resolution CT systems. He has gained hands-on expertise in leading hospitals and actively contributes to improving imaging accuracy and patient safety through the use of innovative imaging technologies and deep learning–based reconstruction methods. In addition to clinical practice, Ms. Yuhe Cheng is actively involved in research aimed at enhancing CT image quality while reducing radiatio...